To extend the rx coverage on 2m, simply power-on the ht while holding the up & down arrow keys. Date: 25 Aug 90 02:54:33 GMT From: swrinde!mips!prls!philabs!briar!rfc@ucsd.edu (Robert Casey) Subject: FT470 extended VHF xmit mod file To: info-hams@ucsd.edu FT-470 mod extended VHF xmit.... Here's the mod for the FT-470. (I have not performed it myself) 1. Remove Cover 2. Remove Lithium battery carefully 3. On left hand side locate some empty vertical pads, one above the other. It should be marked as R-69. There is also a chip resistor R-67 that is just below it to the left a bid. 4. Place a solder jumper across the two R-69 pads. 5. Reinstall the lithium battery. 6. Closeup the Radio. 7. Turn the radio of. While pressing down the up and down arrow keys, turn the radio back on. Note: This mod only opens up the VHF transmit frequency range beyond 140 to 150. The automatic repeater offset will be defeated so you will have to enter the +/- offset yourself. 73's Bernie NU1S @ K1UGM Note: I haven't tested this, proceed at your own risk. Don't transmit out of band, else you might get a fine or even do time. WA2ISE ------------------------------ Date: 26 Aug 90 00:39:28 GMT From: mailrus!hellgate.utah.edu!uplherc!wicat!keithm@tut.cis.ohio-state.edu (Keith McQueen) Subject: FT-470 mods To: info-hams@ucsd.edu I have recevied enough enquiries about mods for the Yaesu FT-470 hand held, that I have decided to post what I know. (This is a transcription of a letter that I received detailing the CPU programming jumpers that were found experimentally by Ed Boakes, WB3FLD. Keith, N7HMF) Dear Keith, A little while ago, I came across a Net News item from you about the Yeasu FT-470 handheld. You asked if anyone knew how to make it receive the public service band just above the UHF amateur band. Well, I've figured out how to do that. However, the bad news is that when you strap the unit for this mode, it only transmits from 430 to 440! Oh, well. I gave you a phone call a week or so ago, but it seemed that we kept missing each other. Anyway, here is what I've learned about the FT-470: I have located a total of eight straps, the four which you had written about, to the left of the lithium battery, and four others located under the flat white cable that interconnects the upper half with the lower half. YEASU FT-470 STRAPS R69 Vertical, at the 10 o'clock position by the lithium cell R68 Horizontal, to the lower left of R69 R67 Horizontal, just below R68 R66 Horizontal, just below R67 R71 Vertical, the leftmost of three, to the left of the upper corner of the ribbon cable connector. R70 Vertical, the center of three of which R71 is the leftmost R72 Vertical, the rightmost of the three R74 Vertical, to the left of the ribbon cable connector, below the three. (Note that R74 is below an unpopulated capacitor that does not have a C number. There is no R73, or at least it is not on the circuit board and it is not in the schematic. And, yes, the order of those three is indeed R71, R70, R72, left-to-right. R70, R71, R72 select the mode for the UHF portion of the FT-470. The choices are: UHF CHOICES R71 R70 R72 Rx and TX Receive only 0 0 0 430 to 440 Mhz 430 to 500 Mhz 0 0 1 430 to 450 Mhz 0 1 0 430 to 440 Mhz 0 1 1 432 to 438 Mhz 1 0 0 430 to 440 Mhz 1 0 1 220 to 225 Mhz 1 1 0 430 to 440 Mhz 1 1 1 210 to 235 Mhz R66, R67, R68 and R69 select the mode for the VHF portion of the FT-470. The choices are: VHF CHOICES R66 R67 R68 R69 Rx and Tx Receive only 0 0 0 0 144 to 146 Mhz 130 to 180 Mhz 0 0 0 1 144 to 146 Mhz 0 0 1 0 1260 to 1300 Mhz 0 0 1 1 1240 to 1300 Mhz 0 1 0 0 140 to 150 Mhz 130 to 180 Mhz 0 1 0 1 140 to 174 Mhz 0 1 1 0 303 to 343 Mhz 0 1 1 1 8AL to 242 Mhz 1 0 0 0 144 to 148 Mhz 1 0 0 1 144 to 146 Mhz 1 0 1 0 1240 to 1300 Mhz 1 0 1 1 404 to 444 Mhz 1 1 0 0 140 to 160 Mhz 1 1 0 1 1260 to 1300 Mhz 1 1 1 0 101 to 141 Mhz 1 1 1 1 1R3 to 158L Mhz (Note: the receive only ranges are enabled by powering up the unit with the up and down arrow buttons depressed...kjm) When there is more than one combination which has the same frequency range, the difference is the default step size and/or the default repeater offset. Of course, choices that do not match the VCO and filters do not actually transmit or receive on those frequencies. A particularly strange example is that the VHF side of the set can be set to tune from 404 to 444 Mhz, but again, it won't actually lock. Even in the 101-141 mode, the VHF VCO will not lock - this must be for use with some other sort of VCO (It looks like this would cover the aeronautical band rather nicely.) There are two really wierd VHF settings, those for 8AL-242 and 1R3-158L. These must be for use with some other LCD controller - it displays truly unusual and non sequential thins when stepped through the "bands". R74 seems to have something to do with something like selecting the IF frequency, or something else like that that. When set, it really screws up the VHF reception. My technique for determining these straps is to remove the straps that come in the unit, solder wires to each pad, run the wires out of the unit to a bank of DIP switches, screw the unit back together, and then go through all of the DIP switch combinations. I usually use a stereo microscope and 30 guage wire for this. Since I didn't try powering the unit on with every combination of keys held down for each DIP switch combination, there may still be other secrets possible. Since I was looking for something like receive and transmit from zero to infinity, and I didn't find it, I kept looking until I got bored and wanted to button the thing up and start using it. I determined, from studying the schematic, that there should be a hiddem strapping diode from CPU pin 2 to CPU pin 22. I installed one, but nothing changed. In fact, changing it and powering the unit up did not cause a reset. Therefore, I concluded that this really wasn't a mystery strap, afterall. However, there could be others. I'm trying to get a data sheet for the CPU, from Hitachi, to see if any of the grounded pins are actually I/O pins -- they might be good candidates, particularly if their traces are routed in such a way as to be easily accessible for cutting. I've learned that one of the ways to get some of the other, new Yeasu handhelds to go out-of-band, involves dumping data out of the clone port, editing the data, and then dumping it back in. I called Yeasu and asked if the FT-470 could be cloned. They said no, so I ignored them. I haven't figured out how to get it to dump data, but I believe it will accept data. The clone mode is entered by powering up the unit with the F key held down. (It's also a neat way to see all of the indicators on the LCD!) The data must be presented in the ring ("right channel") of a stereo 2.5 millimeter plug which is placed into the mic jack. This is cryptically marked on the schematic, anyway. However, I have no idea what the format for the data should be. If you come across this, I'd love to know. This may be the trap door to getting the rig to receive and transmit in more interesting places. Have fun with you FT-470! Yours Truly, Ed Boakes CAll: WB3FLD email: att!hocpa!ewb work: (201) 834-1121 Fax: (201) 834-1371 home: (201) 957-0391 Several interesting things that I have learned since I received this letter... According to the guys at Yaesu, the engineers in Japan appearantly wrote the full UHF rx/tx out of the ROM on purpose. The unit does a very good job as a cross-band repeater. To enable this, turn off the radio, hold the RPT key and turn on the radio. Now, anything heard on EITHER band will be re-transmitted on the other band. There are, however, a few problems. First, there is no real internal path for the audio to get from the receiver to the transmitter, so you either have to modify the radio, to provide a path, or do what I did which is build a short loop back cable connecting the tip of the earphone jack to the tip of the microphone jack like this: <=====----/\/\/\/\/\/\/=====----> 100K This is the way I did it, others I have talked to have used either just a resistor like me or a small capacitor, or a combination. On my radio, this value of resistor gave me a good range of tranmitted audio levels by adjusting the volume control. The other small problem is that the radio automatically selects low power on transmit in this mode. This is probably because of the lack of a real duplexer. After looking through the service manual, it became appearant that the small mystery hole on the side of the radio with the rubber plug was originally intended for an external power jack. I have not yet asked Yaesu if they will sell the jack for that spot. I also have no idea why they omitted it. All in all, I still love my FT-470. Its a great little radio. -- Keith McQueen, Wicat Systems Inc. , (801)224-6400 | My opinions are | N7HMF @ NV7V.UT.USA.NA (84058), 147.34+, 449.675- | all mine... | UPLHERC!WICAT!KEITHM | ...so there! | ------------------------------ Date: 6 Sep 90 12:47:28 GMT From: eru!hagbard!sunic!mcsun!ukc!stl!iclbra!icl!prs@bloom-beacon.mit.edu (Pete Swynford) Subject: FT470 mods To: info-hams@ucsd.edu Hello FT470 owners... I asked a few weeks ago about mods for the FT470 to make it receive and transmit on additional frequencies. I own(ed) the European version which caters for 144-146 & 430-440. It now transmits and receives 140-174 & 430-440, with additional receive coverage 440-500 MHz! The mod was fiddly as the chip resistors are the size of a pin head. You'll need a fine tipped soldering iron and about 2 hours of patience. Here's how I did it... For 2 metres.. locate R66-69... R69 which are located at 10 O'clock | to the lithium battery. R68-(lithium R69 is vertical, R66-68 are R67-(battery horizontal. R66-(cell The combination you want is: R66 & R68 = 0; R67 & R69 = 1. Mine came with R66 & R69 set for Europe so I just moved the resistor from position R66 to position R67. For UHF, locate R70-72 to the top left of the ribbon cable. These are vertical and in the order: R71 R70 R72 The combination you want is: R71 & R70 & R72 = 0. Mine came with R71 set for Europe so I just took the resistor out and have stuck it to the back of the battery (in case I need to convert back). If anyone disagrees with these mods and think I've done something wrong, let me know a.s.a.p. Cheers & 73 de Peter G6ZYT. -- Pete Swynford is available... tel: +44 (344) 424842 x 2625 or at prs@oasis.icl.stc.co.uk / ..!uunet!mcsun!ukc!iclbra!prs / G6ZYT@GB7RDG Disclaimer: See Paragraph 2.4.a of section 1.a (article 7) (iii) of the Town and Country Planning Act, 1967. ------------------------------ From bitlib@business.uwo.ca Wed Sep 26 10:48:37 1990 From bitlib@business.uwo.ca Thu Sep 27 06:09:39 1990 From bitlib@business.uwo.ca Sun Sep 30 12:57:34 1990 From: brian@towers.uucp (Brian Murrey) Newsgroups: rec.radio.amateur.misc Subject: FT470 Xtended UHF receive Mods Summary: This text file explains how to extend the rcv of the FT470 to 500Mhz Keywords: FT470, mods, uhf Message-ID: <1991Jul15.122441.1623@towers.uucp> Date: 15 Jul 91 12:24:41 GMT Organization: Small System Specialists Lines: 66 This mod is from Darrel Sego (KM9S) and it will allow your 470 to receive up to 500 Mhz without affecting the xmit of the unit on 440. Mod follows: YAESU FT-470 UHF RECEIVE MOD. This modification will make the popular Yaesu FT-470 dual band ht receive above 450 mhz. Basically, this procedure stores the upper limit into the U memory. To use it tune to the U memory channel press the (MR) hey to go to the MR mode then tune down to the desired frequency. Once the correct frequency obtained, you can place it in any memory but remember to keep the U memory channel active with the highest frequency you would want, (I keep mine at 470 mhz). Here are the steps in proper order. 1. Program the frequency of 450.00 mhz simplex. 2. Press the FUNCTION and then the RPT button for the offset. 3. Enter the code 0000 into the keypad. 4. Shut the transceiver off and turn back on. 5. Press the RPT key twice for a + (plus) offset. 6. Press the REV button one time. 7. The radio should now display 1450 mhz.(The radio will not operate at these frequencies. My service monitor shows that above 500 mhz the rx is very weak.) 8. To get to the proper frequency to store in the U memory channel press F and then hold the down arrow key to drop in frequency one mhz at a time. Stop for now at 500 mhz. 9. To store this frequency in memory press the F key and hold until you hear two beeps. At this time rotate the dial knob until the channel U is displayed. Press the F key again, you should hear a beep. this indicates that this upper channel is stored in the U memory channel. 10. To use the higher frequencies you have to go to the U channel and press the MR button, this puts you in the MT (memory tune) mode. from there you can scan down or use the dial knob to go to a lower frequency. 11. ANY selected frequency can be stored in a memory channel. 12. That's it! NOTE. Some radios will not let you go up in frequency only down. If you try to go up the rig will default back into the original ham band. for some reason mine will let me go up or down. GOOD LUCK Darrell Sego KM9S -- ======================================================================= : Brian Murrey - KB9BVN - QTH Indpls : Fidonet: 1:231/30 317-535-9097 : : UUCP:..towers!brian : Login:Ham Radio Password:Yagi : ======================================================================= Article 4968 of rec.radio.amateur.misc: From: fletcher@lode.uwyo.EDU (Walter Reid Fletcher) Newsgroups: rec.radio.amateur.misc Subject: FT 470 extended receive modifications. Message-ID: <9107190456.AA23318@ucsd.edu> Date: 19 Jul 91 04:53:00 GMT Sender: daemon@ucsd.Edu Organization: UCSD Usenet Gateway Lines: 177 In INFO-HAMS digest #519, Brent Mosbrook, KC6MWK writes: >Apparently Yaesu has done one better on the mod to receive extended UHF. >Some of the radios cannot scan up, but there is now a fix to change the >lower and upper limits... ...Does anyone have this in ASCII??? I am sure >it would be of interest to the legions of 470 users!! I took the original post from Brian Murrey - KB9BVN and played around, coming up with the following (as I'm sure others have, too). There are probably a number of reasons why this may not work for all units. My 470 was one of the first received at the place I purchased it and is a very early model. What follows is about 170 lines long. Sorry... Reid, WB7CJO - - - - - - - - - - - Synopsis: This procedure appears to force a non-standard frequency into a VFO, which is then stored as an Upper Limit in the "U" memory where the operator can modify it as desired using the MT function. A similar procedure follows for setting a lower UHF limit and capturing it in the "L" memory, plus a similar method for the VHF band. To use the mods after you have stored them, you must select the "U" or "L" memory channel (which ever is closer to your target frequency). Then select the memory tune function by pressing the (MR) key to get the "MT" indication below the memory number display. Once the correct frequency is obtained, you can program it in any memory. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - For these steps to work properly, I had to have "Beep" enabled and *NOT* have the "L" and "U" memories locked out. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Steps for setting the UPPER UHF limit to 500 Mhz 1. Program the frequency for 430.00 mhz *SIMPLEX*. 2. Press the (FM), then the (RPT) button for the offset. 3. Enter the code 0000 into the keypad. 4. Shut the transceiver off, then turn it back on. 5. Press the (RPT) key twice for a "+" (plus) offset indication. 6. Press the (REV) button once. 7. The radio should now display 1430.00 mhz. 8. Press (FM) then hold the (Down Arrow) key to lower the displayed frequency. Stop when 500.00 Mhz is displayed. 9. Press (RPT) once to select simplex operation. 10. Press (FM) and hold until you hear two beeps. 11. Rotate the (DIAL) knob until the channel "U" is displayed. 12. Press the (FM) key again, you should hear a beep. 13. Press the (FM) and (RPT) keys and enter 0500. 14. Turn the radio off, then on again. - alternative procedure (faster but a little more complicated) 8. Press (RPT) twice to select the "-" repeater offset. 9. Press (REV) twice. Frequency shown should be 630.00 Mhz. 10. Press (FM) then hold the (Down Arrow) key to lower the displayed frequency. Stop at 500.00 Mhz. 11. Press (RPT) twice to select simplex operation. 12. Press (FM) and hold until you hear two beeps. 13. Rotate the (DIAL) knob until the channel "U" is displayed. 14. Press the (FM) key again, you should hear a beep. 15. Press the (FM) and (RPT) keys and enter 0500. 16. Turn the radio off, then on again. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Steps for setting the LOWER UHF limit to 400 Mhz. 1. Program the frequency for 450.00 mhz *SIMPLEX*. 2. Press the (FM), then the (RPT) button for the offset. 3. Enter the code 0000 into the keypad. 4. Shut the transceiver off, then turn it back on. 5. Press the (RPT) key once (for a "-" (minus) indicated offset). 6. Press the (REV) button *THREE* times. 7. The radio should now display 050.00 mhz. 8. Press (FM), then hold the (Up Arrow) key to increase the displayed frequency. Stop at 400 Mhz. 9. Press the (FM) key and hold until you hear two beeps. 10. Rotate the (DIAL) knob until the channel "L" is displayed. 11. Press the (FM) key again, you should hear a beep. 12. Press the (FM) and (RPT) keys and enter 0500. 13. Turn the radio off, then on again. - alternative procedure - note: this short-cut requires you to enter 430.00 Mhz in step 1. 5. Press the (RPT) key twice for a "+" (plus) indicated repeater offset. 6. Press the (REV) button once. 7. Press (RPT) twice to select the "-" (minus) repeater offset. 8. Press (REV) once. You should have 1030.00 Mhz displayed. 9. Press (FM) and hold the (Down Arror) stopping at 999.00 Mhz. 10. Press (REV) once. You should have 399.00 Mhz displayed. 11. Press (FM), then hold the (Up Arrow) key to increase the displayed frequency. Stop at 400 Mhz. 12. Press (RPT) twice to select simplex operation. 13. Press the (FM) key and hold until you hear two beeps. 14. Rotate the (DIAL) knob until the channel "L" is displayed. 15. Press the (FM) key again, you should hear a beep. 16. Press the (FM) and (RPT) keys and enter 0500. 17. Turn the radio off, then on again. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Steps for setting the UPPER VHF limit to 200 Mhz. 1. Program the frequency for 140.00 mhz *SIMPLEX*. 2. Press the (FM), then the (RPT) button for the offset. 3. Enter the code 0000 into the keypad. 4. Shut the transceiver off, then turn it back on. 5. Press the (RPT) key twice (for a "+" (plus) indicated offset). 6. Press the (REV) button *ONE* time. 7. The radio should now display 1140.00 mhz. 8. Press (FM), then hold the (Down Arrow) key to decrease the displayed frequency. Stop at 800 Mhz. 9. Press (RPT) twice to select the "-" (minus) repeater offset. 10. Press (REV) once. You should have 200.000 Mhz displayed. 11. Press (RPT) twice to select simplex. 12. Press the (FM) key and hold until you hear two beeps. 13. Rotate the (DIAL) knob until the channel "U" is displayed. 14. Press the (FM) key again, you should hear a beep. 15. Press the (FM) and (RPT) keys and enter 0060 (600 Khz repeater offset). 16. Turn the radio off, then on again. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Steps for setting the LOWER VHF limit to 100 Mhz. 1. Program the frequency for 140.00 mhz *SIMPLEX*. 2. Press the (FM), then the (RPT) button for the offset. 3. Enter the code 0000 into the keypad. 4. Shut the transceiver off, then turn it back on. 5. Press the (RPT) key twice (for a "+" (plus) indicated offset). 6. Press the (REV) button *ONE* time. 7. The radio should now display 1140.00 mhz. 8. Press (FM), then hold the (Down Arrow) key to decrease the displayed frequency. Stop at 1100 Mhz. 9. Press (RPT) twice to select the "-" (minus) repeater offset. 10. Press (REV) twice. You should have 100.000 Mhz displayed. 11. Press (RPT) twice to select simplex. 12. Press the (FM) key and hold until you hear two beeps. 13. Rotate the (DIAL) knob until the channel "L" is displayed. 14. Press the (FM) key again, you should hear a beep. 15. Press the (FM) and (RPT) keys and enter 0060 (600 Khz repeater offset). 16. Turn the radio off, then on again. - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Notes: To use the higher frequencies you have to select the "U" channel and press the (MR) button. This puts the handheld in the "MT" (memory tune) mode. From there you can scan down or use the (DIAL) knob to go to a lower frequency. ...Likewise for the lower frequency memory. Any frequency selected using this method can be stored in any memory. My radio will not let me go up in frequency, only down. If I try, the rig will default back to the original ham band. I had to be careful when doing these mods. One trick I found when initially setting up the VFO with the expanded upper and lower frequencies is that in steps 5 (and 9) if you select "+", pressing (REV) adds 1000 Mhz to the display or subtracts 1000 Mhz if it has already been added. If you selected the "-" (minus) repeater offset, pressing (REV) will subtract 400 Mhz if the displayed frequency is 1000 Mhz or higher, or subtract 600 Mhz if the displayed frequency is below 1000 Mhz, until any more subtractions would run the frequency negative, after which it alternatively adds or subtracts 600. You can mix the (Up Arror) (Down Arrow) method with the "+ -" offset/(REV) combination to reduce the time getting to the desired frequency. With these tricks, many permutations can be found to get where you want to be very quickly. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Article 5057 of rec.radio.amateur.misc: From: fletcher@lode.uwyo.EDU (Walter Reid Fletcher) Newsgroups: rec.radio.amateur.misc Subject: 470 extended receive modifications Message-ID: <9107220658.AA28063@ucsd.edu> Date: 22 Jul 91 06:58:00 GMT Sender: daemon@ucsd.Edu Organization: UCSD Usenet Gateway Lines: 23 Me again, I have discovered an omission in my posting regarding 470 receive expansion. (INFO-HAMS #520). The final steps in my instructions re-program the normal repeater offsets into the radio to disable the special programming mode. I discovered this few hours later and thought for a terrifying moment that I had broken my radio (and hence many others)! For those who haven't tripped over this (much less figured out the omission), here be it: Is: X. Press the (FM) and (RPT) keys and enter 0500. (or 0060) Y. Turn the radio off, then on again. Should be: X. Press the (FM) and (RPT) keys, enter 0500, then (RPT). (or 0060) If you don't do this, the VFO you used remains in the "expansion modification" mode (or whatever it really is). I have also discovered the code "5555" works as well as "0000" for the enabling code. Reid, WB7CJO From: wa2ise@cbnewsb.cb.att.com (robert.f.casey) Newsgroups: rec.radio.amateur.misc Subject: FT470 hyperscan keystroke mod file Keywords: mods Message-ID: <1991Aug10.030535.20418@cbfsb.att.com> Date: 10 Aug 91 03:05:35 GMT Sender: news@cbfsb.att.com Organization: AT&T Bell Laboratories Lines: 54 copied from packet: From: kb2jpd@kb7uv.kd6th.nj.usa.na (Adam Vazquez) Subject: *Hyperscan for Yaesu FT-470* --------------------------------------------------------------------- >From the Bench of: KB2Jpd ====================================================================== Enhanced Memory Scan for the Yaesu FT-470 2M,70cm Dual Band Transceiver. (Hyperscan) ====================================================================== Greetings and hello radio amateur operators. This bulletin adds another hidden feature to the ever growing list of things the Yaesu FT-470 can do. The topic is increasing the functional speed of the Memory Scan using a specific series of keystrokes on the front panel. I wish to thank at this time, KB2JFI, for pointing out this hidden feature and showing me the performance increase of the memory scan. I far as I can estimate, it will go as fast as 15 to 18 memories per second. +=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=HOW TO DO IT!!!=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= Hyperscan Mode on the FT-470 by KB2IFJ ========= ==== == === ====== == ====== 1. Go into Alt mode by pressing [F] 2 (Alt). 2. Press the Up or Down Arrow to activate the Memory Scan. 3. When the Scans stops on a VHF frequency on the Left Display (The Main Band), Hit [F] VFO. 4. Press the Up or Down Arrow to activate the HyperScan. 5. To Stop the Function, Press [F] Alt. A preliminary guess is that there is a software loop underway in the VFO and the Memory Scan features. By pressing these sequences of buttons, the register holding the delay count is changed , resulting in a faster loop. Good work, Bobby! +=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= -NOTES-NOTES-NOTES-NOTES-NOTES-NOTES-NOTES-NOTES-NOTES-NOTES-NOTES- +=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+=+= Special Thanks to: Bobbie, KB2IFJ, for playing surgeon when I told him not to. >From KB2Jpd @W2Fwd.NY.USA.NA -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Note: I haven't tried or verified this, proceed at your own risk. WA2ISE